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History & People
The people, milestones, and breakthroughs that shaped AI.
5 questions
Who created the first LLM?Beginnerprofile→
There's no single inventor of the first LLM — it emerged from decades of research — but the modern era began with Google, whose re…
What was the first chatbot, before LLMs existed?Beginnerprofile→
The first well-known chatbot was ELIZA, built in the mid-1960s by Joseph Weizenbaum at MIT — decades before anything resembling an…
What was the AI winter?Beginnerdefinition→
The AI winter refers to two long stretches of AI research — roughly the mid-1970s and again the late 1980s into the early 1990s —…
How did word embeddings lead to LLMs?Intermediateprofile→
Word2Vec, published by Google researchers in 2013, is the moment that proved computers could turn words into numbers that actually…
Who is considered the 'godfather of AI'?Beginnerprofile→
Geoffrey Hinton is the name most commonly given the title "godfather of AI," but the label is genuinely contested rather than sett…